| Distance Prescription |
Confirm the sphere, cylinder, axis, and prism values from the current prescription. |
Sphere corrects nearsightedness or farsightedness. Cylinder and axis correct astigmatism. Prism is prescribed only when clinically required. |
Distance objects appear clear and stable with both eyes open. |
Using an expired, incomplete, or incorrectly transcribed prescription can cause blur, eyestrain, or headaches. |
| Near Addition |
Check the prescribed near addition, usually shown as ADD or NV-ADD. |
The addition is used for near vision and is added to the distance sphere for the near portion. The value should come from an eye examination, not an estimate based only on age. |
Small print can be read at the intended working distance without excessive effort. |
A near addition that is too weak may cause strain; one that is too strong may reduce comfortable working distance. |
| Pupillary Distance |
Use the correct distance PD and, when available, monocular PD measurements. |
Monocular PD records the distance from the bridge center to each pupil. Accurate centration is especially important for stronger prescriptions or prescriptions containing prism. |
The eyes look through the intended optical centers without noticeable image shifting. |
A single approximate PD may be less accurate when the face is asymmetrical or the frame is wide. |
| Fitting Height |
Measure where the pupil sits vertically in the selected frame while the wearer is in a natural posture. |
Round-top bifocal segments must be positioned relative to the pupil and lower lid. The exact segment height depends on the frame, lens design, and wearer’s anatomy. |
The distance area supports ordinary viewing, while the near segment is easy to access by lowering the gaze slightly. |
A segment placed too high can interfere with distance vision; one placed too low may require excessive head movement for reading. |
| Frame Fit |
Check bridge fit, temple length, frame width, and the stability of the frame during blinking and head movement. |
The frame should sit level, remain centered, and provide enough vertical lens depth for the selected round-top segment. |
The frame does not slide down, tilt, pinch the nose, or touch the cheeks during normal use. |
A frame that moves changes the effective PD and fitting height, which can make the bifocal zones feel inconsistent. |
| Round-Top Segment Shape |
Consider the visible curved boundary between the distance and near zones. |
Round-top bifocals provide a distinct near segment with a curved upper edge. Segment diameter and position vary by lens design and prescription. |
The wearer can locate the near zone naturally and transition between distance and near tasks with minimal searching. |
A visible line or abrupt zone transition may require an adjustment period, particularly for first-time bifocal wearers. |
| Lens Material |
Choose a material suitable for prescription strength, frame size, safety needs, and daily use. |
Common options include standard plastic, polycarbonate, and other high-index materials. Material selection affects weight, thickness, impact performance, and optical properties. |
The lenses provide an appropriate balance of weight, thickness, durability, and optical clarity. |
Polycarbonate is impact resistant but may show more chromatic aberration than some other materials; material choice should be individualized. |
| Lens Coatings |
Consider scratch resistance, anti-reflective treatment, and ultraviolet protection. |
An anti-reflective coating can reduce reflections from screens and overhead lighting. Scratch-resistant coatings improve surface durability but do not make lenses scratch-proof. |
Reflections are manageable, the lens surface is easy to clean, and the coating suits the wearer’s environment. |
Coatings can be damaged by abrasive cleaning, household glass cleaners, heat, or improper storage. |
| Working Distance |
Match the near portion to the wearer’s normal reading, writing, sewing, or phone-viewing distance. |
Typical near tasks are often performed at roughly 35–50 cm, but the correct distance depends on the individual task and prescription. |
The preferred task is clear without holding reading material unusually close or far away. |
A near prescription optimized for one task may be less suitable for a different working distance. |
| Visual Transition |
Allow time to learn the eye and head movements needed to use the separate distance and near zones. |
New wearers may need several days to become familiar with lowering the eyes for near work and turning the head for peripheral viewing. |
Use becomes more natural over time, with decreasing awareness of the segment boundary. |
Persistent double vision, severe dizziness, nausea, or significant blur should be checked by an eye-care professional. |
| Peripheral Vision |
Assess walking, stair use, driving, and side-to-side viewing after fitting. |
Because bifocals contain distinct viewing zones, peripheral and intermediate tasks may require deliberate head movement. |
The wearer can change gaze safely and comfortably during daily activities. |
Do not drive until distance vision, transitions, and overall comfort are adequate and the prescription meets local legal requirements. |
| Follow-Up Verification |
Have the finished glasses checked against the prescription and fitting measurements. |
Verification should include lens power, cylinder, axis, prism when applicable, PD, fitting height, frame alignment, and segment placement. |
The lenses are correctly centered, the frame is level, and vision matches the prescribed purposes. |
If discomfort continues after a reasonable adaptation period, request a professional recheck rather than altering the lenses independently. |